Comprehensive Health Profile with Cardio Vascular Lab Test Information
Test 322535
Test 322535
Comprehensive Health Profile with Cardio Vascular
CMP12 + Iron + LP + Testosterone + 6AC + CBC/D/Plt + Progesterone + DHEA-S + Homocysteine + Estradiol + CRP**
This is a comprehensive panel of tests to help determine what state of health your body is in. The results of this series of tests are a snapshot in time and should be used in conjunction with a medically supervised program of good health maintenance strategies. 1 in 2 Americans will die of cardiovascular disease. The panels included in this test are critical to evaluating your risk for cardiovascular disease and current status. The goal is to live long and well!
Cardio C Reactive Protein Level (CRP)
The Cardio C Reactive Protein Level test is a method for predicting a healthy person’s risk of heart attack or other heart conditions.
If your CRP-HS level is on the high end of the normal range, it may be a sign that you are at risk for cardiovascular (heart and blood vessel) disease and other heart conditions. People who seem to be healthy but who have CRP-HS results in the highest one-fourth of test results have 2 to 4 times the risk of developing blocked arteries, compared with those in the lowest quartile.
The CRP molecule itself is not a harmful molecule in the body. The higher level of CRP is simply a sign of higher than normal inflammation. Because half of heart attacks and strokes happen in patients who do not have high levels of fat in their blood, measurement of CRP-HS may help physicians identify patients who are at risk and may need medical treatment.
What does the test result mean?
The results are generally interpreted on a relative scale. People with the highest values have the highest risk of heart disease and those with the lowest values have the lowest risk. This is often expressed in quintiles (five divisions) with those in the top fifth (the highest 20%) having risk of heart disease about twice that of those in the bottom fifth (lowest 20%).In most cases, test results are reported as numerical values rather than as \"high\" or \"low\", \"positive\" or \"negative\", or \"normal\". In these instances, it is necessary to know the reference range for the particular test. However, reference ranges may vary by the patient\'s age, sex, as well as the instrumentation or kit used to perform the test. To learn more about reference ranges, please see the article, Reference Ranges and What They Mean. To learn the reference range for your test, consult your doctor or laboratorian.
Homocysteine
Homocysteine’s newest use is as a screen for people at high risk for heart attack or stroke. For example, it may be useful in patients who have a family history of coronary artery disease but no other known risk factors.
However, its utility for this purpose is controversial because the role, if any, that Homocysteine plays in the progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has not been established; Homocysteine could be just a marker and not a mediator of CVD.
A physician may also order a homocysteine test to determine if a patient has B12 or folate deficiency.
When is it ordered?
Homocysteine may be ordered as part of a cardiac risk assessment, depending on your age and other risk factors. It may also be ordered following a heart attack or stroke to help determine treatment.
What does the test result mean?
Recent studies have suggested that people who have elevated homocysteine levels have a much greater risk of heart attack or stroke than those with average levels. Blockage of a coronary artery, a precursor to a heart attack, occurs with more than double the average frequency in people with homocysteine levels in the highest 25% as compared to those in the lowest 25%. This evidence suggests that measurement of homocysteine may be an even better indicator of who is at risk of having a heart attack or stroke than other tests, such as cholesterol and the lipid profile.
At present, the American Heart Association has not established a direct correlation between homocysteine levels and heart attacks, but there does seem to be strong evidence of a relationship between homocysteine levels and heart attack/stroke survival rates.
Since measuring homocysteine levels to determine cardiac risk is a relatively new use for the test, the exact normal range has yet to be determined. There is a cutoff point of 12 umol/L, above which risk appears to increase. There also is increasing evidence that homocysteine should not exceed 10 umol/L. In many subjects, this can be realized by taking extra levels of folic acid, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6, three B-complex vitamins that drive homocysteine metabolism. The elderly are especially vulnerable and may need these supplements to keep their homocysteine levels low.
In most cases, test results are reported as numerical values rather than as \"high\" or \"low\", \"positive\" or \"negative\", or \"normal\". In these instances, it is necessary to know the reference range for the particular test. However, reference ranges may vary by the patient\'s age, sex, as well as the instrumentation or kit used to perform the test.
DHEA–S Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate
DHEAS, testosterone, and several other androgens are used to evaluate adrenal function and to distinguish between androgen secreting adrenal conditions from those that originate in the ovary or testes. DHEAS can be measured to help diagnose adrenocortical tumors (tumor in the cortex of the adrenal gland), adrenal cancers, and adrenal hyperplasia (which may be congenital or adult onset) and to separate them from ovarian tumors and cancers.
Concentrations of DHEAS are often measured, along with other hormones such as FSH, LH, prolactin, estrogen, and testosterone, diagnose polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and to help rule out other causes of infertility, amenorrhea, and hirsutism.
DHEAS levels may be ordered, along with other hormones, to investigate and diagnose the cause of virilization in young girls and precocious puberty in young boys.
DHEAS may be ordered, along with other hormones, whenever excess (or more rarely deficient) androgen production is suspected and/or when your doctor wants to evaluate your adrenal gland function.
It may be measured when a woman presents with symptoms such as: hirsutism, alopecia (hair loss), amenorrhea, infertility, acne, increased muscularity, and decreased breast size. It may also be ordered when a young girl shows signs of virilization, such as hirsutism, a deep voice, or when a female infant has ambiguous genitalia wherein the clitoris is overgrown, but the internal female organs usually appear normal.
DHEAS may also be measured when young boys show signs of precocious puberty - the development of: a deeper voice, pubic hair, muscularity, and an enlarged penis well before the age of normal puberty.
What does the test result mean?
Low levels of DHEAS may be due to adrenal dysfunction or hypopituitarism - a condition that causes decreased levels of the pituitary hormones that regulate the production and secretion of adrenal hormones. Normal DHEAS levels, along with other normal androgen levels, may indicate that the adrenal gland is functioning normally, or (more rarely) that the adrenal tumor or cancer present is not secreting hormones. Normal levels of DHEAS may be seen with PCOS as this disorder is usually related to ovarian androgen production (primarily testosterone).
Elevated levels of DHEAS, in conjunction with elevations in such tests as 17-ketosteroids (which measures androgen metabolites in urine) and 17-OH progesterone may indicate an adrenocortical tumor, adrenal cancer, or adrenal hyperplasia. Increased levels of DHEAS usually indicate the need for further testing to pinpoint the cause of the hormone imbalance, but do not often stand-alone for diagnostic purposes.
Progesterone
Since progesterone levels vary predictably throughout the menstrual cycle, multiple (serial) measurements can be used to help diagnose infertility problems. Progesterone can be measured to determine whether or not a woman has ovulated, to determine when ovulation occurred, and to monitor the success of induced ovulation.
In early pregnancy, progesterone measurements may be used, along with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) testing, to help diagnose an ectopic or failing pregnancy, although this will not differentiate between the two conditions. Progesterone levels also may be measured throughout a high-risk pregnancy to help evaluate placenta and fetal health.
Progesterone levels may be monitored in women who have trouble maintaining a pregnancy, as low levels of the hormone can lead to miscarriage. If a woman is receiving progesterone injections to help support her early pregnancy, her progesterone levels may be monitored on a regular basis to help determine the effectiveness of that treatment.
In women who are not pregnant, progesterone levels may be used, along with other tests, to help determine the cause of abnormal uterine bleeding.
When is it ordered?
Progesterone levels are measured:
• As part of an infertility assessment, when a woman is having trouble getting pregnant and the doctor wants to verify that she is ovulating normally
• To determine if ovulation has occurred and when following drug therapy to induce ovulation
• When symptoms, such as abdominal pain and spotting, suggest an ectopic pregnancy or threatened miscarriage
• To monitor the effectiveness of treatment when a pregnant woman requires progesterone injections to help maintain her pregnancy
• To monitor placenta and fetal health during a high-risk pregnancy
• When a non-pregnant woman is experiencing abnormal uterine bleeding
What does the test result mean?
Interpretation of progesterone test results requires knowledge of where a woman is in her menstrual cycle or pregnancy. Progesterone levels usually start to elevate when an egg is released from the ovary, rise for several days, and then either continue to rise with early pregnancy or fall to initiate menstruation.
If progesterone levels do not rise and fall on a monthly basis, a woman may not be ovulating or having menstrual periods. If levels do not rise normally during an early pregnancy, the pregnancy may be ectopic and/or may be failing. If serial measurements do not show increasing progesterone levels over time, there may be problems with the viability of the placenta and fetus.
Levels of progesterone will be naturally higher during pregnancies that involve multiples (twins, triplets, etc.) than those in which there is only one fetus.
Increased progesterone levels also are seen occasionally with luteal ovarian cysts, molar pregnancies, and with a rare form of ovarian cancer.
Increased levels are occasionally due to an overproduction of progesterone by the adrenal glands.
In late pregnancy, low levels of progesterone may be associated with toxemia and pre-eclampsia.
In most cases, test results are reported as numerical values rather than as \"high\" or \"low\", \"positive\" or \"negative\", or \"normal\". In these instances, it is necessary to know the reference range for the particular test. However, reference ranges may vary by the patient\'s age, sex, as well as the instrumentation or kit used to perform the test.
Is there anything else I should know?
Taking estrogen and progesterone supplements also can cause inaccurate results.
Testosterone
Testosterone testing is used to diagnose several conditions in men, women, and boys. These conditions include:
delayed or precocious (early) puberty (boys)
decreased sex drive (men)
erectile dysfunction (men)
infertility (men and women)
testicular tumors (men)
excessive body hair, also called hirsutism (women).
In boys, the test is ordered, often along with the FSH and LH tests, if puberty is delayed or slow in developing. Although there are differences from individual to individual as to when puberty begins, generally by the age of 10 years, there are hormonal and physical manifestations of the onset of puberty. A delay can occur if the testes do not produce enough testosterone or if the pituitary does not produce enough LH.
The test also can be ordered if a young boy seems to be undergoing a very early (precocious) puberty with obvious secondary sex characteristics, such as an enlarged penis, development of muscle mass, and growth of body hair.
In men, the test may be ordered when infertility is suspected or if the patient has a decreased sex drive or erectile dysfunction, which can result from low testosterone, levels.
In women, testosterone testing may be done if a patient has irregular or no menstrual periods, is having difficulty getting pregnant, or appears to have masculine features, such as facial and body hair, male pattern baldness, and a low voice. Testosterone levels can rise because of tumors that develop in either the ovary or adrenal gland or because of other conditions, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).
What does the test result mean?
There is great variability in testosterone levels between men and a broad range in age-related values for testosterone. It is normal for testosterone levels to decline as men age.
However, in males, a decreased testosterone level may indicate hypothalamic or pituitary disease or damage to the testes. Genetic diseases also can cause decreased testosterone production in young men (Klinefelter’s, Kallman’s, and Prader-Willi syndromes) or testicular failure and infertility (as in myotonic dystrophy, a form of muscular dystrophy). A decreased testosterone level also can indicate impaired testosterone production because of acquired damage to the testes, such as alcoholism, physical injury, or viral diseases like mumps.
Increased testosterone levels in males can indicate testicular tumors or use of androgens (also called anabolic steroids). Increased testosterone in boys is usually the cause of early puberty.
In women, increased testosterone levels can indicate polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or an ovarian or adrenal gland tumor.
In most cases, test results are reported as numerical values rather than as \"high\" or \"low\", \"positive\" or \"negative\", or \"normal\". In these instances, it is necessary to know the reference range for the particular test. However, reference ranges may vary by the patient\'s age, sex, as well as the instrumentation or kit used to perform the test
Is there anything else I should know?
Alcoholism and liver disease in males can decrease testosterone levels. Drugs, including androgens and steroids, can also decrease testosterone levels. Prostate cancer responds to androgens, so many men with advanced prostate cancer receive drugs that lower testosterone levels.
Women taking estrogen therapy may have increased testosterone levels. Anticonvulsants, barbiturates, and clomiphene can cause testosterone levels to rise.
Estradiol
The estradiol assay is designed for the investigation of fertility of women of reproductive age and for the support of in vitro fertilization and can be indicators of problems in men.
Estradiol is the primary reproductive hormone in nonpregnant women. This steroid hormone plays an important role in normal fetal development and in the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females. Estradiol influences the maturation and maintenance of the uterus during the normal menstrual cycle. Levels of estradiol steadily increase during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle in association with the growth and development of the ovarian follicle. As the follicular phase proceeds, estradiol exerts a negative feedback control on the pituitary, resulting in a drop in FSH levels. Near the end of the follicular phase, there is a dramatic increase in estradiol levels. At this point, the feedback of estradiol on the hypothalamus becomes positive and produces the midcycle surge of LH, which immediately precedes ovulation. After ovulation, estradiol levels initially fall abruptly, but then increase as the corpus luteum forms. At the end of the cycle, levels fall off in anticipation of the initiation of the next follicular phase. During pregnancy, the placenta produces estradiol. Estradiol levels are generally low in menopause due to diminished ovarian production.
A small amount of estradiol is produced by the male testes. Elevated levels in males can lead to gynocomastia. Increased estradiol levels in males may be caused by increased body fat, resulting in enhanced peripheral aromatization of androgens. Levels in men can also be increased by excessive use of marijuana, alcohol, or prescribed drugs, including phenothiazines and spironolactone. Estradiol levels can also be dramatically elevated in germ cell tumors and tumors of a number of glands in both men and women.
Estradiol levels are routinely used to monitor ovulation induction to stimulate follicle development in patients being treated by assisted reproductive techniques. Estradiol levels can be used to calibrate the exogenous gonadotropin administration and have been found to correlate with follicle size. The pattern of estradiol secretion during the cycle can be used to predict the outcome of the ART protocol
Complete Blood Count Panel (CBC)
WBC is medical shorthand for White Blood Cells.
WBC’s are the body\'s first line defense against disease, and help fight infections.
They are also involved in reactions to allergies, tumors, and stress in general.
RBC is medical shorthand for Red Blood Cells.
RBCs transport hemoglobin. Hemoglobin transports oxygen. The amount of oxygen body tissues receive depends on the amount and function of RBCs and hemoglobin. RBCs normally survive about 120 days in the blood.
Specialized “clean-up” cells in the spleen and liver then remove them.
Hemoglobin is the protein that carries oxygen in the blood. It is contained in red blood cells. Both high and low hemoglobin counts indicate defects in the balance of red blood cells in the blood, and may indicate disease.
Lymphocytes are specialized WBCs whose purpose are to identify and destroy invading antigens.
These cells are important to the body\'s defense against infection, especially from viral infection.
Lymphocytes that mature in the Bone Marrow are called B-cells, and those that mature in the
Thymus organ are called T-cells.
Neutrophils are specialized WBCs, filled with tiny sacs of enzymes that help to kill and digest microorganisms it has engulfed. An increased proportion of neutrophils in the blood are a common finding with acute bacterial infections. A decreased proportion of neutrophils may be seen with viral infections and after radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Monocytes- are specialized WBCs derived from bone marrow, which circulate in the blood briefly
before entering the tissues in which they become macrophages. Macrophages phagocytize (ingest)
are large particles and cellular debris that neutrophils cannot handle.
MCH is medical shorthand for Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin. This number represents a measurement
of the average hemoglobin concentration within red blood cells. Elevations can be caused by too little
vitamin B12 or folate, and decreases can be seen in iron deficiency.
MCHC is medical shorthand for Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration. It is an estimate of the concentration (amount) of hemoglobin in a given number of packed red blood cells.
MCV is medical shorthand for Mean Corpuscular Volume. This number represents the size or volume
of the average RBC within a sample. I creases or decreases in MCV can point to specific anemias.
Platelets are irregularly shaped, colorless bodies that are present in blood. Their sticky surface lets them, along with other substances, form clots to stop bleeding. When bleeding from a wound suddenly occurs, the platelets gather at the wound and attempt to block the blood flow. The mineral calcium, vitamin K, and a protein called fibrinogen help the platelets form a clot.
Liver Function Panel (6AC + CMP12)
Alanine aminotransferase (also called ALT or SGPT) is an enzyme found primarily in the liver.
It helps to form a salt known as pyruvate and an amino acid known as l-glutamate. Amino acids are groups of chemical substances that form proteins. Proteins are extremely complex, naturally occurring substances made of amino acids that are essential to the body\'s structure and function. Long-term or sudden liver damage can cause a rise in ALT levels.
Albumin is the most abundant protein in the body. It is produced in the liver. Albumin binds to certain substances (such as bilirubin) and helps retain them in the body so they are not all filtered out. Decreased levels of albumin in the blood also increase the risk for jaundice.
Albumin/Globulin ratio is calculated by dividing the albumin by the globulin. Decreasing albumin/globulin ratio may be seen in states characterized by chronic inflammation. Increasing ratio may be seen in congenital or acquired hypogammaglobulinemia, a disorder that is caused by low levels of immunglobulins (antibodies) in the blood.
Alkaline phosphatase An enzyme made in the liver, bone, and the placenta and normally present in high concentrations in growing bone and in bile. Alkaline phosphatase is released into the blood during injury and during such normal activities as bone growth and pregnancy. high blood levels may indicate disease in bone or liver, bile duct obstruction, or certain malignancies. Very low levels may point toward a genetic condition, which results in bone deformities.
Aspartate aminotransferase (also called AST or SGOT) is an enzyme that is normally present in liver and heart cells. AST is released into blood when the liver or heart is damaged. The blood AST levels are thus elevated with liver damage (for example, from hepatitis) or with an insult to the heart (for example, from heart attack). Some medications can also raise AST levels.
Bilirubin, Total is the chemical that results from the normal breakdown of hemoglobin from red blood cells.
High concentrations may result in jaundice.
Gamma Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) - This is an enzyme made in the bile ducts. High levels may mean problems with the liver\'s bile ducts. It can also be an early indicator of liver abnormalities. It is highly sensitive to ingestion of alcohol.
Globulin, Total is a blood protein. High levels may indicate heart, liver, chronic inflammatory or certain metabolic abnormalities. Low levels may indicate problems with antibodies produced by the immune system.
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme found in the cells of many body tissues, including the heart, liver, kidneys, skeletal muscle, brain, red blood cells, and lungs. It is responsible for converting muscle lactic acid into pyruvic acid, an essential step in producing cellular energy. When disease or injury affects tissues containing LDH, cells release LDH into the bloodstream. LDH is often elevated in diseases of the liver, certain types of anemia, and in cases of excessive destruction of cells, such as fractures, muscle damage, and shock.
Total Protein - Total protein is a rough measure of serum protein. Protein measurements can reflect nutritional state, kidney disease, liver disease, and many other conditions. If total protein is abnormal, further tests should be performed to identify which protein fraction is abnormal. Serum proteins are grossly separated into albumin and globulins. That is, total protein equals albumin plus globulin
Iron
Serum Iron The composition of diet may influence iron absorbtion. Citrate and ascorbate (in citrus fruits, for example) can form complexes with iron that increase absorbtion, while tannates in tea can decrease absorbtion. Only a small fraction of the body\'s iron is gained or lost each day. Most of the iron in the body is recycled when old red blood cells are taken out of circulation. Their iron is then returned to the storage pool for re-use. Decreases in serum iron can be a signal of Iron deficiency anemia.
Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) is an indirect measure of transferring. A small percentage of the body\'s iron is in transport between various compartments of the body in association with transferring, or is a component of enzymes in cells throughout the body. Free iron is very reactive (it stimulates free radical reactions) and is not normally in body fluids.
Kidney Function Panel
Urea Nitrogen (BUN) is a by-product of protein metabolism. BUN is increased in acute and chronic kidney disease, in states of decreased circulating blood volume with decreased kidney perfusion, in obstruction of urine flow, and in people with high protein intake. Decreases are seen in high carbohydrate/low protein diets, states characterized by increased anabolic demand (late pregnancy, infancy), malabsorption states, and severe liver damage.
Creatinine is a breakdown product of creatine, which is an important constituent of muscle.
The test is used to evaluate kidney function. If kidney function is abnormal, creatinine levels will increase in the blood, due to decreased excretion of creatinine in the urine.
Uric acid - Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism. Purines are obtained from both dietary sources and from the breakdown of body proteins. Elevated levels are found in gout and in renal failure, among other reasons. Decreased levels are associated with an increase in plasma volume.
BUN/Creatinine Ratio Is calculated by dividing the BUN by the Creatinine, and is used to distinguish between major types of kidney damage.
Lipid Panel – Cardiovascular Health (LP)
Cholesterol, Total is a fatty substance that travels in the blood to all parts of the body. Not only is it part of the cell membranes but it is also involved in the production of vitamin D, estrogen, testosterone, and bile acids to aid in the digestion of fats. Total cholesterol is a sum of HDL, LDL, VLDL, and Triglycerides. Elevated total cholesterol is associated with an increasing risk of coronary heart disease.
HDL Cholesterol (High-density lipoprotein) HDL cholesterol is known as the \"good\" cholesterol because a high level of HDL cholesterol seems to have a protective effect. Medical experts think that HDL tends to carry cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver, where it is passed from the body. Some experts believe that excess cholesterol is removed by HDL, thus slowing build-up. Therefore, low HDL cholesterol levels may result in a greater risk for heart disease. Low HDL could have genetic origins, or be the result of smoking and lack of exercise.
LDL Cholesterol (Low-density lipoprotein) is known as \"bad cholesterol”, since it can slowly build up in the walls of the arteries that feed the heart and brain, and form plaque that can clog those arteries causing a heart attack, or a stroke. Recent studies revealed that elevated LDL cholesterol is a major factor in the development of heart disease. Thus, the lower your LDL cholesterol, the lower your risk of heart disease.
VLDL Cholesterol (Very Low-density lipoprotein) VLDL is derived from the liver and carries triglycerides from the liver to other tissues. LDL is formed from VLDL. Normal VLDL levels are 25% to 50% of total cholesterol. Higher amounts are linked to a higher risk of heart disease.
Cholesterol/HDL Ratio is calculated by dividing the total cholesterol by the HDL.
Improvement in cholesterol/HDL ratio can be shown by lowering LDL cholesterol level, while raising HDL level. HDL levels can be raised significantly by exercising, not smoking and leanness. Exercising regularly may also lower LDL cholesterol.
Triglyceride is responsible for providing energy to the cells of the body. Calories ingested in a meal and not used immediately by these cells are converted to triglycerides and transported to fat cells to be stored. Hormones regulate the release of triglycerides from fat tissue so they meet the body\'s needs for energy between meals. Being overweight, drinking a lot of alcohol, or having diabetes can cause high triglyceride levels. Most body fat comes in the form of triglyceride.
Bones and Joints
Calcium - Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body. Calcium is important for healthy bones and teeth, as well as nerves and muscles including the heart. The amount of calcium in blood is carefully controlled by the body\'s hormonal (glandular) system. A body gets calcium when dairy products, and vegetables such as broccoli are consumed. The body also needs vitamin D to absorb calcium from food. Most calcium in the body is in bones.
The blood calcium test measures only the amount of calcium in blood. This test doesn\'t measure the amount of calcium in bones. A procedure similar to an x-ray, called a bone density test can measure the calcium in bones.
Phosphorus is the second most abundant element present in the body, and makes up about 1 percent of total body weight. It is present in every cell, but 85 percent of the phosphorus is found in the bones and teeth. Phosphorus also provides the phosphate in adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the high-energy carrier molecule in the body\'s primary metabolic cycles. Deficiency of phosphorus can be caused by very high calcium intake or by taking a lot of antacids, which can bind phosphorus. Low vitamin D intake can also lead to deficient body phosphorus.
The ideal ratio of calcium to phosphorus in the diet is reported to be 1:1
Electrolyte Panel
Sodium (Na+) is the major positive ion of the extracellular (outside of the cell) fluids. The sodium content of the blood is a result of a balance between dietary intake and kidney excretion (only a small percent is lost through stool or sweat). Many factors affect sodium levels, including the steroid hormone aldosterone, which decreases loss of sodium in the urine.
Potassium (K+) is the major positive ion in intracellular (inside of the cell) fluid and is of primary importance in its maintenance. In conjunction with sodium and chloride, it aids in regulation of osmotic pressure and acid-base balance. Potassium is essential for normal excitability of muscle tissue and plays a role in the conduction of nerve impulses. Small changes in the potassium concentration outside cells can have substantial effects on the activity of nerves and muscles. This is particularly true of heart muscle.
Chloride (Cl-) is the major negative ion in the fluid outside the body\'s cells. Its main function is to maintain electrical neutrality, mostly as a counter-ion to sodium. Changes in the chloride level often accompany sodium losses and excesses.
** Test Details
CMP12 Chemistry Panel - A:G ratio; albumin, serum; alkaline phosphatase, serum; ALT (SGPT); AST (SGOT); bilirubin, total; BUN; BUN:creatinine ratio; calcium, serum, total; chloride, serum; creatinine, serum; globulin, total; glucose, serum; potassium, serum; protein, total, serum; sodium, serum
Iron - Percent of saturation; serum iron; total iron binding capacity; unsaturated iron binding capacity
LP Lipid Panel - Cholesterol, total; high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol; low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (calculation); triglycerides; very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol (calculation)
Testosterone - Free: direct analog/radioimmunoassay (RIA); total: immunochemiluminometric assay (ICMA)
6AC - AC Globulin; Labile Factor; Plasma Accelerator Globulin; Proaccelerin
CBC Complete Blood Count - Hematocrit; hemoglobin; mean corpuscular volume (MCV); mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH); mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC); red cell distribution width (RDW); percentage and absolute differential counts; platelet count; red cell count; white blood cell count
Progesterone - Immunochemiluminometric assay (ICMA)
DHEA –S - Immunochemiluminometric assay (ICMA)
Homocysteine – Immunoassay
Estradiol - Immunochemiluminometric assay (ICMA)
Cardio C Reactive Protein (CRP) - Latex immunonephelometry
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