Wellness and Good Health Profile Lab Test Information
Test 317734
Wellness Screens
Wellness and Good Health Profile
CMP14 + LP + TP + 5AC + CBC/D/Plt + Iron + U **
The Wellness and Good Health Profile is a comprehensive panel of tests to help determine what state of health your body is in. The results of this series of tests are a snapshot in time and should be used in conjunction with a medically supervised program of good health maintenance strategies. The goal is to live long and well!
Complete Blood Count Panel (CBC)
WBC is medical shorthand for White Blood Cells.
WBC’s are the body's first line defense against disease, and help fight infections.
They are also involved in reactions to allergies, tumors, and stress in general.
RBC is medical shorthand for Red Blood Cells.
RBCs transport hemoglobin. Hemoglobin transports oxygen. The amount of oxygen body tissues receive depends on the amount and function of RBCs and hemoglobin. RBCs normally survive about 120 days in the blood.
Specialized “clean-up” cells in the spleen and liver then remove them.
Hemoglobin is the protein that carries oxygen in the blood. It is contained in red blood cells. Both high and low hemoglobin counts indicate defects in the balance of red blood cells in the blood, and may indicate disease.
Lymphocytes are specialized WBCs whose purpose are to identify and destroy invading antigens.
These cells are important to the body's defense against infection, especially from viral infection.
Lymphocytes that mature in the Bone Marrow are called B-cells, and those that mature in the
Thymus organ are called T-cells.
Neutrophils are specialized WBCs, filled with tiny sacs of enzymes that help to kill and digest microorganisms it has engulfed. An increased proportion of neutrophils in the blood are a common finding with acute bacterial infections. A decreased proportion of neutrophils may be seen with viral infections and after radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Monocytes- are specialized WBCs derived from bone marrow, which circulate in the blood briefly
before entering the tissues in which they become macrophages. Macrophages phagocytize (ingest)
are large particles and cellular debris that neutrophils cannot handle.
MCH is medical shorthand for Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin. This number represents a measurement
of the average hemoglobin concentration within red blood cells. Elevations can be caused by too little
vitamin B12 or folate, and decreases can be seen in iron deficiency.
MCHC is medical shorthand for Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration. It is an estimate of the concentration (amount) of hemoglobin in a given number of packed red blood cells.
MCV is medical shorthand for Mean Corpuscular Volume. This number represents the size or volume
of the average RBC within a sample. I creases or decreases in MCV can point to specific anemias.
Platelets are irregularly shaped, colorless bodies that are present in blood. Their sticky surface lets them, along with other substances, form clots to stop bleeding. When bleeding from a wound suddenly occurs, the platelets gather at the wound and attempt to block the blood flow. The mineral calcium, vitamin K, and a protein called fibrinogen help the platelets form a clot.
Liver Function Panel (5AC + CMP14)
Alanine aminotransferase (also called ALT or SGPT) is an enzyme found primarily in the liver.
It helps to form a salt known as pyruvate and an amino acid known as l-glutamate. Amino acids are groups of chemical substances that form proteins. Proteins are extremely complex, naturally occurring substances made of amino acids that are essential to the body's structure and function. Long-term or sudden liver damage can cause a rise in ALT levels.
Albumin is the most abundant protein in the body. It is produced in the liver. Albumin binds to certain substances (such as bilirubin) and helps retain them in the body so they are not all filtered out. Decreased levels of albumin in the blood also increase the risk for jaundice.
Albumin/Globulin ratio is calculated by dividing the albumin by the globulin. Decreasing albumin/globulin ratio may be seen in states characterized by chronic inflammation. Increasing ratio may be seen in congenital or acquired hypogammaglobulinemia, a disorder that is caused by low levels of immunglobulins (antibodies) in the blood.
Alkaline phosphatase An enzyme made in the liver, bone, and the placenta and normally present in high concentrations in growing bone and in bile. Alkaline phosphatase is released into the blood during injury and during such normal activities as bone growth and pregnancy. high blood levels may indicate disease in bone or liver, bile duct obstruction, or certain malignancies. Very low levels may point toward a genetic condition, which results in bone deformities.
Aspartate aminotransferase (also called AST or SGOT) is an enzyme that is normally present in liver and heart cells. AST is released into blood when the liver or heart is damaged. The blood AST levels are thus elevated with liver damage (for example, from hepatitis) or with an insult to the heart (for example, from heart attack). Some medications can also raise AST levels.
Bilirubin, Total is the chemical that results from the normal breakdown of hemoglobin from red blood cells.
High concentrations may result in jaundice.
Gamma Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) - This is an enzyme made in the bile ducts. High levels may mean problems with the liver's bile ducts. It can also be an early indicator of liver abnormalities. It is highly sensitive to ingestion of alcohol.
Globulin, Total is a blood protein. High levels may indicate heart, liver, chronic inflammatory or certain metabolic abnormalities. Low levels may indicate problems with antibodies produced by the immune system.
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme found in the cells of many body tissues, including the heart, liver, kidneys, skeletal muscle, brain, red blood cells, and lungs. It is responsible for converting muscle lactic acid into pyruvic acid, an essential step in producing cellular energy. When disease or injury affects tissues containing LDH, cells release LDH into the bloodstream. LDH is often elevated in diseases of the liver, certain types of anemia, and in cases of excessive destruction of cells, such as fractures, muscle damage, and shock.
Total Protein - Total protein is a rough measure of serum protein. Protein measurements can reflect nutritional state, kidney disease, liver disease, and many other conditions. If total protein is abnormal, further tests should be performed to identify which protein fraction is abnormal. Serum proteins are grossly separated into albumin and globulins. That is, total protein equals albumin plus globulin
Kidney Function Panel
Urea Nitrogen (BUN) is a by-product of protein metabolism. BUN is increased in acute and chronic kidney disease, in states of decreased circulating blood volume with decreased kidney perfusion, in obstruction of urine flow, and in people with high protein intake. Decreases are seen in high carbohydrate/low protein diets, states characterized by increased anabolic demand (late pregnancy, infancy), malabsorption states, and severe liver damage.
Creatinine is a breakdown product of creatine, which is an important constituent of muscle.
The test is used to evaluate kidney function. If kidney function is abnormal, creatinine levels will increase in the blood, due to decreased excretion of creatinine in the urine.
Uric acid - Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism. Purines are obtained from both dietary sources and from the breakdown of body proteins. Elevated levels are found in gout and in renal failure, among other reasons. Decreased levels are associated with an increase in plasma volume.
BUN/Creatinine Ratio Is calculated by dividing the BUN by the Creatinine, and is used to distinguish between major types of kidney damage.
Thyroid Function Panel (TP)
The thyroid gland synthesizes stores and releases thyroglobulin in combination with the two thyroid hormones tetraiodothyronine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones are composed of the amino acid tyrosine. The amount of thyroglobulin secreted by the thyroid is controlled by the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) of the pituitary gland. Deficiency of thyroid hormones, or hypothyroidism, is characterized by lethargy and lowering of metabolism. Excessive production of thyroid hormones, called hyperthyroidism results in elevated metabolism, unexplained weight loss and hyperactivity. Thyroid hormones influence a diversity of metabolic processes.
The following tests assist in the assessment of thyroid function that controls the body's metabolic rate.
T-3 (triiodothyronine) uptake
T-4 (tetraiodothyronine)
TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)
Free-Thyroxine Index (also known as FTI or T-7)
Lipid Panel – Cardiovascular Health (LP)
Cholesterol, Total is a fatty substance that travels in the blood to all parts of the body. Not only is it part of the cell membranes but it is also involved in the production of vitamin D, estrogen, testosterone, and bile acids to aid in the digestion of fats. Total cholesterol is a sum of HDL, LDL, VLDL, and Triglycerides. Elevated total cholesterol is associated with an increasing risk of coronary heart disease.
HDL Cholesterol (High-density lipoprotein) HDL cholesterol is known as the "good" cholesterol because a high level of HDL cholesterol seems to have a protective effect. Medical experts think that HDL tends to carry cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver, where it is passed from the body. Some experts believe that excess cholesterol is removed by HDL, thus slowing build-up. Therefore, low HDL cholesterol levels may result in a greater risk for heart disease. Low HDL could have genetic origins, or be the result of smoking and lack of exercise.
LDL Cholesterol (Low-density lipoprotein) is known as "bad cholesterol”, since it can slowly build up in the walls of the arteries that feed the heart and brain, and form plaque that can clog those arteries causing a heart attack, or a stroke. Recent studies revealed that elevated LDL cholesterol is a major factor in the development of heart disease. Thus, the lower your LDL cholesterol, the lower your risk of heart disease.
VLDL Cholesterol (Very Low-density lipoprotein) VLDL is derived from the liver and carries triglycerides from the liver to other tissues. LDL is formed from VLDL. Normal VLDL levels are 25% to 50% of total cholesterol. Higher amounts are linked to a higher risk of heart disease.
Cholesterol/HDL Ratio is calculated by dividing the total cholesterol by the HDL.
Improvement in cholesterol/HDL ratio can be shown by lowering LDL cholesterol level, while raising HDL level. HDL levels can be raised significantly by exercising, not smoking and leanness. Exercising regularly may also lower LDL cholesterol.
Triglyceride is responsible for providing energy to the cells of the body. Calories ingested in a meal and not used immediately by these cells are converted to triglycerides and transported to fat cells to be stored. Hormones regulate the release of triglycerides from fat tissue so they meet the body's needs for energy between meals. Being overweight, drinking a lot of alcohol, or having diabetes can cause high triglyceride levels. Most body fat comes in the form of triglyceride.
Bones and Joints
Calcium - Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body. Calcium is important for healthy bones and teeth, as well as nerves and muscles including the heart. The amount of calcium in blood is carefully controlled by the body's hormonal (glandular) system. A body gets calcium when dairy products, and vegetables such as broccoli are consumed. The body also needs vitamin D to absorb calcium from food. Most calcium in the body is in bones.
The blood calcium test measures only the amount of calcium in blood. This test doesn't measure the amount of calcium in bones. A procedure similar to an x-ray, called a bone density test can measure the calcium in bones.
Phosphorus is the second most abundant element present in the body, and makes up about 1 percent of total body weight. It is present in every cell, but 85 percent of the phosphorus is found in the bones and teeth. Phosphorus also provides the phosphate in adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the high-energy carrier molecule in the body's primary metabolic cycles. Deficiency of phosphorus can be caused by very high calcium intake or by taking a lot of antacids, which can bind phosphorus. Low vitamin D intake can also lead to deficient body phosphorus.
The ideal ratio of calcium to phosphorus in the diet is reported to be 1:1
Iron
Serum Iron The composition of diet may influence iron absorbtion. Citrate and ascorbate (in citrus fruits, for example) can form complexes with iron that increase absorbtion, while tannates in tea can decrease absorbtion. Only a small fraction of the body's iron is gained or lost each day. Most of the iron in the body is recycled when old red blood cells are taken out of circulation. Their iron is then returned to the storage pool for re-use. Decreases in serum iron can be a signal of Iron deficiency anemia.
Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) is an indirect measure of transferring. A small percentage of the body's iron is in transport between various compartments of the body in association with transferring, or is a component of enzymes in cells throughout the body. Free iron is very reactive (it stimulates free radical reactions) and is not normally in body fluids.
Electrolyte Panel
Sodium (Na+) is the major positive ion of the extracellular (outside of the cell) fluids. The sodium content of the blood is a result of a balance between dietary intake and kidney excretion (only a small percent is lost through stool or sweat). Many factors affect sodium levels, including the steroid hormone aldosterone, which decreases loss of sodium in the urine.
Potassium (K+) is the major positive ion in intracellular (inside of the cell) fluid and is of primary importance in its maintenance. In conjunction with sodium and chloride, it aids in regulation of osmotic pressure and acid-base balance. Potassium is essential for normal excitability of muscle tissue and plays a role in the conduction of nerve impulses. Small changes in the potassium concentration outside cells can have substantial effects on the activity of nerves and muscles. This is particularly true of heart muscle.
Chloride (Cl-) is the major negative ion in the fluid outside the body's cells. Its main function is to maintain electrical neutrality, mostly as a counter-ion to sodium. Changes in the chloride level often accompany sodium losses and excesses.
Diabetes Screen
Glucose is the major source of energy for most cells of the body. Brain cells and red blood cells are almost totally dependent on glucose as a source of energy. The brain requires that glucose concentrations in the blood remain within a certain range in order to function normally. Concentrations of less than about 30 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or greater than about 300 mg/dL can produce confusion or unconsciousness. Most dietary carbohydrate eventually ends up as glucose in the blood. Excess glucose is converted to glycogen for storage by the liver and skeletal muscles after meals. Glycogen is gradually broken down to glucose and released into the blood by the liver between meals. Excess glucose is converted to triglyceride for energy storage. Glucose levels are measured most commonly to screen for diabetes. Diabetes is a common disease, affecting about 2% of the general population
Urinalysis Test
This test identifies and measures the byproducts of normal and abnormal metabolism, which are eliminated from your body in urine. A complete urinalysis consists of three distinct testing phases:
• physical examination which evaluates the urine's color, clarity, and concentration
• chemical examination which tests chemically for 9 substances that provide valuable information about health and disease
• microscopic examination, which identifies and counts the type of cells, casts, crystals, and other components (bacteria, mucous ) that can be present in urine
** Test Details
CMP14 Chemistry Panel - A:G ratio; albumin, serum; alkaline phosphatase, serum; ALT (SGPT); AST (SGOT); bilirubin, total; BUN; BUN:creatinine ratio; calcium, magnesium, serum; carbon dioxide, total; chloride, serum; creatinine, serum; globulin, total; glucose, serum; potassium, serum; protein, total, serum; sodium, serum
LP Lipid Panel - Cholesterol, total; high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol; low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (calculation); triglycerides; very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol (calculation)
TP Thyroid Panel - Free thyroxine index (FTI); thyroxine (T4); thyroid hormone binding ratio (T3 uptake)
5AC - AC Globulin; Labile Factor; Plasma Accelerator Globulin; Proaccelerin
CBC Complete Blood Count - Hematocrit; hemoglobin; mean corpuscular volume (MCV); mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH); mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC); red cell distribution width (RDW); percentage and absolute differential counts; platelet count; red cell count; white blood cell count
Iron - Percent of saturation; serum iron; total iron binding capacity; unsaturated iron binding capacity
U Urinalysis - Color, appearance, specific gravity, pH, protein, glucose, ketones, occult blood, leukocyte esterase, nitrite, bilirubin, and urobilinogen. These tests are done on all routine urinalysis ordered and if protein, leukocyte, occult blood, nitrite, and turbidity are all negative, microscopic examination is not performed; just the above parameters
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Notes: The Wellness and Good Health Profile
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in most cities in the United States. Once your Wellness and Good Health Profile
lab test specimens are taken your lab results are available in
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